4L Ceramic Substrate ENEPIG PCB

BEV：
BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) is an abbreviation for the English name of a pure electric vehicle. Simply put, it relies solely on the power battery and drive motor to provide power for the vehicle to travel. It mainly consists of auxiliary systems such as chassis, body, power battery, drive motor, and electrical equipment.
Advantages: Zero emissions, no pollution (except for poor power batteries), and no noise, saving energy and money.
Disadvantages: The range does not meet people's expected standards, it is more expensive compared to gasoline cars in the same class, and the charging time is longer.
Representative model: Tesla

HEV：
HEV is the abbreviation for "Hybrid Electric Vehicle", which is translated as a hybrid vehicle in Chinese. Here, it refers to a hybrid electric vehicle. It is a hybrid drive system that is installed on the original traditional car engine drive system, reducing the car's demand for fossil fuels, improving fuel economy, and achieving energy-saving, emission reduction, and greenhouse effect mitigation effects.
This type of vehicle is driven by a battery powered motor during the starting stage of the vehicle to complete the vehicle start-up; During rapid acceleration or hill climbing, the electric motor works together with the internal combustion engine to provide power to the entire vehicle. When braking or going downhill, it is equipped with a braking energy feedback system, which can charge the battery and achieve energy cycling.
Advantages: Compared to traditional cars, the internal combustion engine always operates at its optimal working conditions, resulting in very low fuel consumption. And it doesn't require charging, as long as it's filled with fuel, it can be used as both an electric car and a traditional car. The small battery pack makes the cost lower than that of a pure electric car, and the two systems complement each other and work together.
Disadvantages: High price with few subsidies, limited vehicle options, low pure electric range, and high maintenance costs (it has two systems).
Representative model: Toyota Prius

PHEV：
PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) is an abbreviation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. It is a new type of hybrid electric vehicle that also has an internal combustion engine and a generator. The main power source is the internal combustion engine, with the electric motor assisting the driving mode. In addition, the battery capacity of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is larger than that of oil hybrid vehicles, and they can be charged externally, so they can travel in pure electric mode.
Advantages: Energy saving, environmentally friendly, low pollution, can be charged externally, has a larger battery capacity compared to oil hybrids, and can be used as a standalone pure electric vehicle. Compared to pure electric vehicles, it does not cause range anxiety because it has an additional power system that can provide more ample power and a longer driving range.
Disadvantages: Relatively high cost, requiring the installation of charging stations like pure electric vehicles
Representative model: BMW 5 Series plug-in hybrid